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EMEI- Últimos artículos científicos publicados:

• European mitochondrial haplogroups are associated with CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. -

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  European mitochondrial haplogroups are associated with CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy.

  J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Jun 7;

  Authors: Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Berenguer J, Micheloud D, Fernández-Rodríguez A, García-Álvarez M, Jiménez-Sousa MA, Bellón JM, Campos Y, Cosín J, Aldámiz-Echevarría T, Catalán P, López JC, Resino S

  Abstract
  BACKGROUND: There is substantial interindividual variability in the rate and extent of CD4+ T cell recovery after starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The aim of our study was to determine whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are associated with recovery of CD4+ in HIV-infected patients on cART. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study on 275 cART-naive patients with CD4+ counts <350 cells/mm(3), who were followed-up during at least 24 months after initiating cART. mtDNA genotyping was performed by Sequenom's MassARRAY platform. RESULTS: Patients within cluster JT and haplogroup J had a lower chance of achieving a CD4+ count ≥500 cells/mm(3) than patients within cluster HV and haplogroup H [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.68 (P = 0.058) and HR = 0.48 (P = 0.010), respectively]. The time of follow-up during which the CD4+ count was ≥500 cells/mm(3) was longer in haplogroups HV and H than in haplogroups JT and J [20 months versus 6.2 months (P = 0.029) and 20 months versus 0 months (P = 0.024), respectively]. Additionally, haplogroups HV and H had greater chances of achieving a CD4+ count ≥500 cells/mm(3) during at least 12, 36, 48 and 60 months post-cART initiation compared with patients within haplogroups JT and J. Patients within haplogroup T only had a lesser chance of achieving a CD4+ count ≥500 cells/mm(3) during at least 48 months and 60 months post-cART initiation. CONCLUSION: European mitochondrial haplogroups might influence CD4+ recovery in HIV-infected patients following initiation with cART. Haplogroups J and T appear to be associated with a worse profile of CD4+ recovery, whereas haplogroup H was associated with a better CD4+ reconstitution.
  

  PMID: 23749950 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

• Mitochondrial Haplogroups Are Associated With Clinical Pattern of AIDS Progression in HIV-Infected Patients. -

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  Mitochondrial Haplogroups Are Associated With Clinical Pattern of AIDS Progression in HIV-Infected Patients.

  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jun 1;63(2):178-183

  Authors: Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Jiménez JL, García-Álvarez M, Bellón JM, Fernández-Rodriguez A, Campos Y, Rodríguez C, González-Garcia J, Riera M, Viciana P, Muñoz-Fernández M, Resino S

  Abstract
  : We performed a cross-sectional study in 469 HIV-infected patients, whose mitochondrial haplogroups were genotyped to study their association with the clinical pattern of AIDS progression. The chance of not having an AIDS progression was 1.45 [95% of confidence interval (CI) = 1.02 to 2.05, P = 0.035) times greater in patients with cluster HV and 1.51 (95% CI = 1.06 to 2.18, P = 0.021) times greater in patients with haplogroup H. However, we only found significant values for haplogroup H (odds ratio = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.32, P = 0.049) in an ordinal logistic regression adjusted by gender, age at HIV infection, intravenous drug users, and hepatitis C virus infection. These data suggest that mitochondrial haplogroups might play a significant role in AIDS progression.
  

  PMID: 23666137 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

• IL28RA polymorphism is associated with early hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment failure in human immunodeficiency virus-/HCV-coinfected patients. -

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  IL28RA polymorphism is associated with early hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment failure in human immunodeficiency virus-/HCV-coinfected patients.

  J Viral Hepat. 2013 May;20(5):358-66

  Authors: Jiménez-Sousa MA, Berenguer J, Rallón N, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, López JC, Soriano V, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Cosín J, Restrepo C, García-Álvarez M, Miralles P, Benito JM, Resino S

  Abstract
  Due to the poor rate of response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) with pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment in HCV/HIV coinfected patients, key factors for predicting failure would be useful. We performed a retrospective study on 291 patients on HCV treatment, who had early virological response (EVR) data. IL28B and IL28RA polymorphisms were performed using the GoldenGate(®) assay. Unfavourable genotypes at IL28B (rs12980275 AG/GG and rs8099917 GT/GG) and an unfavourable allele at IL28RA (rs10903035 G) were associated with early treatment failure. However, only the rs12980275 AG/GG genotype and rs10903035 G allele remained independently associated with early failure in the overall population (OR = 4.15 (95% CI = 1.64-10.54) and OR = 2.00 (95% CI = 1.19-3.36), respectively) as well as in GT1/4 patients (OR = 5.07 (95% CI = 1.81-14.22) and OR = 2.03 (95% CI = 1.13-3.66), respectively). Next, a decision tree showed early treatment failure increased from 37.1% to 65.5% when the unfavourable rs12980275 AG/GG and rs10903035 AG/GG genotypes and HCV-RNA≥ 500.000 IU/mL were taken into account in GT1/4 patients. In contrast, the failure rate decreased from 37.1% to 11.9% when the favourable rs12980275 AA and rs10903035 AA genotypes were detected. The percentage of patients correctly classified was 78.4%, and AUROC was 0.802 ± 0.028. Regarding GT3 patients, the presence of the GCGCA haplotype (all unfavourable alleles) was associated with early treatment failure, while no association was observed for the IL28B polymorphisms. In conclusion, the IL28RA polymorphism was associated with early treatment failure independently of the IL28B SNPs. The combination of IL28B and IL28RA polymorphisms might be a valuable tool for predicting early treatment failure before starting HCV treatment.
  

  PMID: 23565619 [PubMed - in process]

• Rate of candidiasis among HIV-infected children in Spain in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1997-2008). -

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  Rate of candidiasis among HIV-infected children in Spain in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1997-2008).

  BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:115

  Authors: Álvaro-Meca A, Jensen J, Micheloud D, Díaz A, Gurbindo D, Resino S

  Abstract
  BACKGROUND: Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The aim of our study was to estimate the candidiasis rate and evaluate its trend in HIV-infected children in Spain during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared to HIV-uninfected children.
  METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study. Data were obtained from the records of the Minimum Basic Data Set from hospitals in Spain. All HIV-infected children were under 17 years of age, and a group of HIV-uninfected children with hospital admissions matching the study group by gender and age were randomly selected. The follow-up period (1997-2008) was divided into three calendar periods: a) From 1997 to 1999 for early-period HAART; b) from 2000 to 2002 for mid-period HAART; and c) from 2003 to 2008 for late-period HAART.
  RESULTS: Among children with hospital admissions, HIV-infected children had much higher values than HIV-uninfected children during each of the three calendar periods for overall candidiasis rates (150.0 versus 6.1 events per 1,000 child hospital admissions/year (p < 0.001), 90.3 versus 3.1 (p < 0.001), and 79.3 versus 10.7 (p < 0.001), respectively) and for non-invasive Candida mycosis (ICM) rates (118.5 versus 3.8 (p < 0.001), 85.3 versus 2.3 (p < 0.001), and 80.6 versus 6.0 (p < 0.001), respectively). In addition, HIV-infected children also had higher values of ICM rates than HIV-uninfected children, except during the last calendar period when no significant difference was found (32.4 versus 1.2 (p < 0.001), 11.6 versus 0.4 (p < 0.001), and 4.6 versus 2.3 (p = 0.387), respectively). For all children living with HIV/AIDS, the overall candidiasis rate (events per 1,000 HIV-infected children/year) decreased from 1997-1999 to 2000-2002 (18.8 to 10.6; p < 0.001) and from 2000-2002 to 2003-2008 (10.6 to 5.7; p = 0.060). Within each category of candidiasis, both non-ICM and ICM rates experienced significant decreases from 1997-1999 to 2003-2008 (15.9 to 5.7 (p < 0.001) and 4.1 to 0.3 (p < 0.001), respectively).
  CONCLUSIONS: Although the candidiasis rate still remains higher than in the general population (from 1997 to 2008), candidiasis diagnoses have decreased among HIV-infected children throughout the HAART era, and it has ceased to be a major health problem among children with HIV infection.
  

  PMID: 23510319 [PubMed - in process]

• Comment on: 'interleukin-28 polymorphisms on the SVR in the treatment of naïve chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin: a meta-analysis'. -

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  Comment on: 'interleukin-28 polymorphisms on the SVR in the treatment of naïve chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin: a meta-analysis'.

  Gene. 2013 Jun 10;522(1):121

  Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez A, Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Resino S

  PMID: 23506831 [PubMed - in process]

• Mitochondrial haplogroups are associated with clinical pattern of AIDS progression in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. -

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  Mitochondrial haplogroups are associated with clinical pattern of AIDS progression in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients.

  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Feb 7;

  Authors: Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Luis Jiménez J, García-Álvarez M, María Bellón J, Fernández-Rodriguez A, Campos Y, Rodríguez C, González-Garcia J, Riera M, Viciana P, Angeles Muñoz-Fernández M, Resino S, On behalf of CoRIS and the HIV Biobank integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network. On behalf of LTNPs Cohort integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network

  Abstract
  ABSTRACT: We performed a cross-sectional study in 469 HIV-infected patients, whose mitochondrial haplogroups were genotyped to study their association with the clinical pattern of AIDS-progression. The chance of not having a AIDS-progression was 1.45 (95% of confidence interval (95%CI)=1.02-2.05); p=0.035) times greater in patients with cluster HV and 1.51 (95%CI=1.06-2.18); p=0.021) times greater in patients with haplogroup H. However, we only found significant values for haplogroup H (OR=1.52 (95%CI=1.01-2.32; p=0.049) in an ordinal logistic regression adjusted by gender, age at HIV-infection, intravenous drug users, and HCV infection. These data suggest that mitochondrial haplogroups might play a significant role in AIDS-progression.
  

  PMID: 23392456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

• Meta-analysis: implications of interleukin-28B polymorphisms in spontaneous and treatment-related clearance for patients with hepatitis C. -

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  Meta-analysis: implications of interleukin-28B polymorphisms in spontaneous and treatment-related clearance for patients with hepatitis C.

  BMC Med. 2013;11:6

  Authors: Jiménez-Sousa MA, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, García-Álvarez M, Resino S

  Abstract
  BACKGROUND: Since 2009, several studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the gene encoding for interleukin (IL)-28 (IL28B) that are strongly associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. Because this large amount of data includes some inconsistencies, we consider assessment of the global estimate for each SNP to be essential.
  METHODS: Relevant studies assessing IL28B polymorphisms associated with sustained virologic response (SVR) and spontaneous clearance (SC) were identified from a literature search of PubMed up to 9 July, 2012. Studies were eligible studies if they included patients infected with HCV or HCV/HIV, or assessed any SNP located within or near the IL28B gene, SVR data available under standard treatment, and/or SC data in patients with acute HCV infection. Pooled odds ratios were estimated by fixed or random effects models when appropriate. Variables such as HCV genotype, ethnicity, and type of co-infection were studied.
  RESULTS: Of 282 screened studies, 67 were selected for SVR and 10 for SC. In total, 20,163 patients were studied for SVR and 3,554 for SC. For SVR, we found that all SNPs showed strong associations in patients with HCV genotypes 1 and 4, whereas the pooled ORs were almost three times lower for genotypes 2 and 3 (rs12979860 and rs8099917). Regarding ethnicity, the SNP most associated with SVR was rs12979860 in white patients, whereas in East Asians it seemed to be rs8099917. The most studied SNP (rs12979860) showed similar results for patients co-infected with HCV/HIV, as for those infected with HCV only. Finally, rs12979860 and rs8099917 both appeared to be associated with SC.
  CONCLUSIONS: IL28B polymorphisms influence both the outcome of interferon treatment and the natural clearance of HCV. However we did not identify a universal predictor SNP, as the best genetic markers differed depending on patient ethnicity, genotype, and type of infection. Nevertheless, our results may be useful for more precise treatment decision-making.
  

  PMID: 23298311 [PubMed - in process]

• Analysis of IL28B alleles with virologic response patterns and plasma cytokine levels in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. -

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  Analysis of IL28B alleles with virologic response patterns and plasma cytokine levels in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.

  AIDS. 2013 Jan 14;27(2):163-73

  Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez A, Rallón N, Berenguer J, Jiménez-Sousa MA, Cosín J, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Restrepo C, Lopez JC, García-Álvarez M, Miralles P, Soriano V, Benito JM, Resino S

  Abstract
  OBJECTIVES: To estimate the impact of interleukin 28B (IL28B) polymorphisms (rs12980275, rs8099917, rs7248668, and rs11881222) and their haplotypes on hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment (peg-interferon-α and ribavirin) success in 324 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. We also explore the behavior of plasma cytokine levels.
  DESIGN: Retrospective follow-up study.
  METHODS: Virologic response to HCV treatment was measured by plasma HCV viral load at different endpoints: rapid virologic response (RVR), early virologic response (EVR), end-of-treatment virologic response (ETVR) and sustained virologic response (SVR). IL28B polymorphisms were genotyped using GoldenGate assay. Finally, 13 cytokines were measured at baseline in 57 plasma samples using a multiplex immunoassay kit.
  RESULTS: IL28B polymorphisms were strongly associated to virologic responses (RVR, EVR, ETVR, and SVR), although only for HCV genotypes 1 and 4 (P < 0.05). Strong linkage disequilibrium was detected for rs12980275/rs11881222 (r = 0.94) and rs8099917/rs7248668 (r = 0.99). IL28B haplotypes showed association but no improvement on treatment outcome prediction. Thus, the genotyping of only one single-nucleotide polymorphism was enough for predicting treatment response in GT1/4 patients with favorable rs12980275 (AA) genotype, while for subjects harboring unfavorable genotypes, the inclusion of rs8099917 was useful (SVR increased from 31 to 45%). Moreover, patients with rs12980275 (AA) that achieved SVR showed reduced plasma levels of Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-6 and IL-9), and proinflammatory (TNF-α) cytokines.
  CONCLUSION: The presence of IL28B polymorphisms was significantly associated with HCV clearance during and after HCV therapy. The evaluated cytokine profile was much more favorable in patients with rs12980275 (AA) who achieved SVR.
  

  PMID: 23135173 [PubMed - in process]

• IL28B polymorphisms are associated with severity of liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus. -

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  IL28B polymorphisms are associated with severity of liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus.

  J Infect. 2013 Feb;66(2):170-8

  Authors: Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Berenguer J, García-Álvarez M, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Jiménez-Sousa MA, Alvarez E, Micheloud D, López JC, Miralles P, Cosín J, Catalán P, Resino S

  Abstract
  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of IL28B polymorphisms and severity of liver disease among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients.
  METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study on 223 patients. Liver biopsies were evaluated according to Metavir score. IL28B polymorphisms (rs12980275, rs8099917, rs7248668, and rs11881222) were genotyped using GoldenGate(®) assay.
  RESULTS: IL28B polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium, especially the couples rs12980275/rs11881222 and rs8099917/rs7248668. For all patients, the rs12980275 A allele increased the odds for significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) odds ratio (OR) = 1.68; p = 0.018) and more rapid fibrosis progression (FPR ≥ 0.075 fibrosis units/year) (OR = 1.64; p = 0.035), and decreased the odds for liver steatosis (OR = 0.61; p = 0.046). Furthermore, the rs8099917 T allele increased the odds for F ≥ 2 (OR = 1.93; p = 0.020), FPR ≥ 0.075 (OR = 2.08; p = 0.021), and elevated ALT (≥80 IU/l) (OR = 1.78; p = 0.048). For HCV-genotype 1 patients, rs12980275 A and rs8099917 T alleles decreased the odds for liver steatosis (OR = 0.22; p < 0.001 and OR = 0.39; p = 0.048; respectively). For HCV-genotype 3 patients, the rs12980275 A allele increased the odds for F ≥ 2 ((OR = 6.30; p = 0.012), FPR ≥ 0.075 (OR = 6.40; p = 0.025), and elevated ALT (OR = 4.12; p = 0.037); and the rs8099917 T allele also increased the odds for F ≥ 2 (OR = 7.56; p = 0.027), FPR ≥ 0.075 (OR = 50.8; p = 0.012), and elevated ALT (OR = 5.39; p = 0.043). However, we did not find significant trends in patients infected with HCV-genotype 4.
  CONCLUSION: The major alleles of IL28B (rs12980275 A, rs11881222 A, rs8099917 T, and rs7248668 G) are associated with increased odds of liver disease severity in HIV patients infected with HCV-genotype 3. In contrast, HCV-genotype 1 patients carrying the major alleles of IL28B polymorphisms had lower odds for liver steatosis.
  

  PMID: 23103287 [PubMed - in process]

• Association of torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV) with liver disease among patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. -

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  Association of torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV) with liver disease among patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus.

  Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013 Feb;32(2):289-97

  Authors: García-Álvarez M, Berenguer J, Alvarez E, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Cosín J, Miralles P, Catalán P, López JC, Rodríguez JM, Micheloud D, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Resino S

  Abstract
  Torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV) have been potentially related to liver diseases. The aim of the study was to quantify TTV and TTMV in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients to study the relationship between the TTV and TTMV viral loads and the severity of liver disease. We carried out a cross-sectional study in 245 patients coinfected with HIV and HCV (HIV/HCV-group), 114 patients monoinfected with HIV (HIV-group), and 100 healthy blood donors (Control-group). Plasma samples were tested for TTV and TTMV by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalences of TTV and TTMV infections in the HIV/HCV-group and the HIV-group were significantly higher than the Control-group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, TTV and TTMV coinfections were found in 92.2 % (226/245) in the HIV/HCV-group, 84.2 % (96/114) in the HIV-group, and 63 % (63/100 %) in the Control-group (p ≤ 0.05). HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with HIV viral load ≥50 copies/mL and patients with severe activity grade had the highest viral loads of TTV and TTMV (p ≤ 0.05). HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with high TTV load (>2.78 log copies/μL) had increased odds of having advanced fibrosis or severe necroinflammatory activity grade in the liver biopsy. Moreover, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with high TTMV load (>1.88 log copies/μL) had decreased odds of having no/minimal fibrosis and no/mild activity grade, and increased odds of having a high fibrosis progression rate. In conclusion, TTV and TTMV might play a role in the development of liver disease in immunodeficiency patients, such as the patients coinfected with HIV and HCV.
  

  PMID: 22983402 [PubMed - in process]

• Bacterial DNA translocation and liver disease severity among HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. -

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  Bacterial DNA translocation and liver disease severity among HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C.

  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Dec 15;61(5):552-6

  Authors: García-Álvarez M, Berenguer J, Guzman-Fulgencio M, Alvarez E, Cosín J, Micheloud D, Jimenez-Sousa MA, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Aldámiz-Echevarría T, Carrero A, Miralles P, Resino S

  Abstract
  We carried out a cross-sectional study to explore whether bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (bactDNA) shows association with severity of liver disease among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. Patients with advanced fibrosis (F3/F4), moderate activity grade (A2/A3), and high fibrosis progression rate (FPR > 0.15) had higher values of plasma bactDNA levels than did patients without these markers of liver disease (P < 0.05). The chance of having a fibrosis stage or activity grade increased was 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0 to 1.44, P = 0.045] and 1.22 (95% CI = 1.1 to 1.45, P = 0.029) times greater for every 100 copies per microliter of plasma bactDNA. Likewise, the odds of having values of FPR > 0.15 was 1.18 (95% CI = 0.98 to 1.42, P = 0.089). In addition, patients with high bactDNA levels (≥175 copies per microliter) had the highest odds of having high values of Metavir score and FPR (P < 0.05). Our data show that bacterial translocation is associated with severe liver disease among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C.
  

  PMID: 22932319 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

• Genetic polymorphisms located in genes related to immune and inflammatory processes are associated with end-stage renal disease: a preliminary study. -

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  Genetic polymorphisms located in genes related to immune and inflammatory processes are associated with end-stage renal disease: a preliminary study.

  BMC Med Genet. 2012;13:58

  Authors: Jimenez-Sousa MA, López E, Fernandez-Rodríguez A, Tamayo E, Fernández-Navarro P, Segura-Roda L, Heredia M, Gómez-Herreras JI, Bustamante J, García-Gómez JM, Bermejo-Martin JF, Resino S

  Abstract
  BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease progression has been linked to pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of inflammation. These markers are also elevated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which constitutes a serious public health problem.
  OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genes related to immune and inflammatory processes, could be associated with ESRD development.
  DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was carried out on 276 patients with ESRD and 288 control subjects. Forty-eight SNPs were genotyped via SNPlex platform. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between each sigle polymorphism and the development of ESRD.
  RESULTS: Four polymorphisms showed association with ESRD: rs1801275 in the interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R) gene (OR: 0.66 (95%CI = 0.46-0.95); p = 0.025; overdominant model), rs4586 in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) gene (OR: 0.70 (95%CI = 0.54-0.90); p = 0.005; additive model), rs301640 located in an intergenic binding site for signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) (OR: 1.82 (95%CI = 1.17-2.83); p = 0.006; additive model) and rs7830 in the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene (OR: 1.31 (95%CI = 1.01-1.71); p = 0.043; additive model). After adjusting for multiple testing, results lost significance.
  CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data suggest that four genetic polymorphisms located in genes related to inflammation and immune processes could help to predict the risk of developing ESRD.
  

  PMID: 22817530 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

• Coinfection by human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: noninvasive assessment and staging of fibrosis. -

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  Coinfection by human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: noninvasive assessment and staging of fibrosis.

  Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2012 Oct;25(5):564-9

  Authors: Resino S, Sánchez-Conde M, Berenguer J

  Abstract
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review presents recent findings on noninvasive alternatives for the diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients who are coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
  RECENT FINDINGS: APRI, FIB-4, and Forns were accurate indices for the diagnosis of cirrhosis [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) >0.80] but not for the diagnosis of significant and advanced fibrosis (AUROC < 0.80). Diagnostic accuracy was affected by CD4 T-cell count and alanine aminotransferase levels. An artificial neural network to predict significant fibrosis was highly accurate (AUROC of 0.853), outperforming simple noninvasive indices. Derivations of the FibroMeter panel (FibroMeter HICV and FibroMeter HICV) achieved high diagnostic accuracy for significant fibrosis (AUROC of 0.823 and 0.833, respectively). Transient elastography had higher predictive accuracy than previously validated panels for diagnosis of advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3) and cirrhosis (0.93 and 0.99, respectively). However, misclassification as F ≥ 3 was more common among patients with steatosis than among those without steatosis (25 versus 5%, P = 0.01). Moreover, transient elastography can predict clinically significant and severe portal hypertension in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
  SUMMARY: Both biomarkers and transient elastography can accurately diagnose fibrosis and cirrhosis and are better at excluding than at predicting liver disease in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
  

  PMID: 22744318 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

• Genetic polymorphisms located in TGFB1, AGTR1, and VEGFA genes are associated to chronic renal allograft dysfunction. -

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  Genetic polymorphisms located in TGFB1, AGTR1, and VEGFA genes are associated to chronic renal allograft dysfunction.

  Cytokine. 2012 Jun;58(3):321-6

  Authors: Jiménez-Sousa MA, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Heredia M, Tamayo E, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Lajo C, López E, Gómez-Herreras JI, Bustamante J, Bermejo-Martín JF, Resino S

  Abstract
  BACKGROUND: Persistent inflammation and fibrosis have been related to active progression of renal deterioration and reduced survival of kidney transplant. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in regions related to inflammatory and immune processes on the development of chronic renal allograft dysfunction (CRAD).
  METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 276 patients who received kidney transplant (KT). SNPs were genotyped via the SNPlex platform. Statistical analysis was performed with SNPstat and regression logistic analyses were adjusted by age and gender of recipients and donors, cold ischemia time and the number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches.
  RESULTS: From 276 patients with KT, 118 were non-CRAD and 158 were CRAD. Three SNPs showed significant associations with CRAD development: rs1800471 in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), rs5186 in angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), and rs699947 in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). GC genotype of rs1800471 was associated with increased odds of CRAD compared to GG genotype (OR=2.65 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.09; 6.47), p=0.025), as well as AC and AA genotype of rs699947 assuming a dominant model (OR=1.80 (95% CI=1.02; 3.20), p=0.044). Besides, AC and CC genotypes of rs5186 were associated with reduced odds of CRAD assuming a dominant model (OR=0.56 (95% CI=0.33; 0.96), p=0.033).
  CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that three genes related to immunity and inflammation (rs1800471, rs5186 and rs699947) are associated to susceptibility or protection to CRAD, and might have diagnostic utility in predicting the likelihood of developing CRAD.
  

  PMID: 22433249 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

• Trend of pneumonia incidence among children infected with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. -

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  Trend of pneumonia incidence among children infected with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Jun;31(6):599-601

  Authors: Micheloud D, Álvaro-Meca A, Jensen J, Díaz A, Resino S

  Abstract
  We performed a retrospective study using a cross-sectional design for each year from 1997 to 2008 to evaluate the trend in pneumonia rates among HIV-infected children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era in Spain. We found that rate of pneumonia decreased among HIV-Infected children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era but still remained higher than in the general population. Non-AIDS-defining pneumonia remains a significant health problem for HIV-infected children.
  

  PMID: 22414905 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]